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How to improve your VO2 max and threshold training this off-season

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How to improve your VO2 max and threshold training this off-season

James Witts explains the key physiological metrics — VO2 max, lactate threshold and more — and how to train them smarter during the off-season for a stronger 2026.

By James Witts

Photography by SWPix

17 SEPTEMBER 2025 | UPDATED 11.41 PM BST

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Rouleur Issue 144 — The Tour Issue
In printIssue 144

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The Tour Issue

Le Tour de France: a race defined by colour, passion and history, whose drama and romance continue to shape the identity of cycling’s greatest stage.